If you enjoy working with numbers, 是注重细节的, 和组织, a career in accounting may be right for you.
An accountant is responsible for 解释ing 和 maintaining financial records for individuals or organizations 和 may prepare 和 examine financial records as well as provide financial advice.
There are many types of accountants, including:
1. Certified Public 会计 (CPA)
注册会计师(CPA)是指成功通过考试的会计师 统一注册会计师考试®. 本考试包括四个部分，涵盖会计基础知识, 以及更复杂的主题，包括:审计和认证(AUD), 业务 Environment 和 Concepts (BEC), 财务会计与报告(FAR)与监管(REG). 除了通过统一注册会计师考试, 注册会计师的资格一般包括获得四年的学位, 比如 Bachelor of Science in 会计，以及一至三年的专业工作经验.1
CPA’s ensure businesses 和 individuals follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the set of accounting principles, 标准, 和由财务会计准则委员会(FASB)发布的程序. They often h和le a variety of accounting tasks, including tax preparation, 财务规划, 审计, 和更多的, but may choose to focus on one particular area.
CPAs work mainly in the public accounting, corporate accounting for business 和 industry, Administration, 非营利性, 以及教育部门. Because of their expertise, 注册会计师有可能晋升到首席财务官等高级职位.
2. 管理会计
管理会计(也称为成本会计), 会计工作人员, (或工业会计)帮助公司预算和更好地执行识别, 测量, 分析, 向管理者解释和传达信息.
除了, 他们通过预测现金流来准备公司内部使用的数据, 创建预算, 并分析短期和长期幸运28计划的回报率.
管理会计师经常就财务决策向高级管理层提供建议. They may also maintain the company’s financial system 和 oversee a team of entry-level accountants who perform bookkeeping 和 other duties. 因此，通常需要四年的学位.
3. 注册会计师
类似于注册会计师, a chartered accountant (CA) is an international accounting designation granted to accounting professions in countries other than the United States.
CA专注于会计领域的四个主要领域:税务, financial accounting 和 报告, 应用金融, 和 management accounting.
4. 审计师
An auditor is a person who exams financial records to verify their accuracy 和 ensure they are in compliance with tax laws, 规定, 和 any other applicable accounting 标准. 他们指出差异，并为改正提供指导. 审计师s also help protect businesses from fraud 和 also help businesses increase operational efficiencies.
审计师主要有两种类型:内部审计师和外部审计师. Internal auditors are company employees 和 examine issues related to the company’s financial 和 business practices. External auditors work independently of the company or individual they are auditing 和 examine the financial records 和 issue an opinion regarding the financial 状态ments of the company.
内部和外部审计师都在不同的行业工作, including public 和 private companies. 一般, auditors work as part of a team or department, but some auditors work from home, 而其他人则前往客户的办公地点.
5. 法务会计师
Forensic accountants carefully analyze, 解释, 和 summarize complex financial 和 business records to determine their accuracy 和 importance.
They may also develop computer applications to manage the information collected 和 deliver this information to clients.
法务会计师经常受雇于保险公司, 银行, Administration机构, or even public accounting firms.
Because forensic accounting provides financial analysis that is suitable for use in legal proceedings, 法务会计师可以在审判中提供专家证据.
6. Administration会计
Administration会计在Administration的各个部门工作, 包括当地, 状态, 以及联邦机构, 管理公共资金, investigating white-collar crimes, 和 performing system 审计.
他们必须了解Administration法规, 还有税收, 业务代码, 以及其他公共和私营部门的规定.
Government accountants working at the 状态 level may help cities budget funds 和 evaluate the viability of using public funds for community infrastructure projects.
They may work closely with regulatory groups such as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on both a local 和 federal level. To earn a job as a Administration accountant, 通常要求会计学士学位，注册会计师或工商管理硕士优先.
7. 投资会计
Investment accountants work specifically in brokerage 和 asset management firms 和 maintain investments for their clients. Working with asset managers 和 brokers, investment accountants process the investments 和 may also provide financial consulting 和 advice.
另外, investment accountants may be responsible for helping develop the firm’s key financial strategies, 同时准备投资账户的税务报告.
To earn a job as an investment accountant, 你通常需要会计或相关专业的本科学位. The role also requires a strong knowledge of 状态 和 federal 规定 of how investments should be maintained, 报道, 和管理.
8. 幸运28计划会计
幸运28计划会计专注于幸运28计划交付的需要, 包括跟踪, 报告, 和 分析 the financial results of a project. 幸运28计划会计s provide regular reports to management 和 executives on whether a company’s project is over or under budget. 他们也可以起草幸运28计划提案，这样团队就可以看到幸运28计划的财务范围, 包括潜在的成本或收益.
幸运28计划会计师与幸运28计划经理密切合作, 会计团队, 和 even external suppliers. 他们通常受雇于工程公司和建筑公司, 但可以在包括私营部门在内的所有部门找到工作, Administration, 非营利性的, 和教育.
在任何部门找一份幸运28计划会计的工作, 强烈建议具有会计学士学位和一些工作经验.
9. 税务检查
A tax examiner reviews federal, 状态, 以及小企业和个人提交的当地纳税申报表. They determine how much is owed in taxes 和 collect this tax on behalf of the Administration.
税务稽查员检查纳税申报表的准确性和完整性, review 和 code tax returns for processing, 和 list 和 work to resolve errors. They may also discuss issues with taxpayers, 比如遗漏或不正确的信息，或者他们是否多付或少付了钱.
税务稽查员为联邦、州和地方Administration工作. While many work in an office environment, 一些税务稽查员在纳税人的家中或营业场所进行实地审计.
10. 财务顾问
A financial advisor helps individuals make short 和 long-term decisions about how they should spend or invest their money 和 create personalized financial plans that aim to help clients achieve their financial goals. 他们与客户讨论的话题包括投资, 保险, 税收策略, 储蓄, 和预算.
一个四年的学位可以帮助你有资格成为一名财务顾问, 和 you are required to pass certain exams administered by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). 正因为如此, a bachelor’s degree in accounting or finance can provide a solid foundation for preparing f或者一个 role as a financial advisor.
How to Become an 会计
For many of these specialized accounting roles, 你需要获得会计学学士学位或类似的学位 成为一名会计 获得工作经验.
这可以帮助你确定最适合你的会计类型. An advanced degree, 比如 工商管理硕士(工商管理硕士)会计 或者一个 会计和金融研究生证书 可以帮助你为更高的职位或领导职位做准备，并增加你的 薪水可能.
Learn more about our accounting degree options
1. This Bachelor of Science in 会计 program at Herzing大学 does not fulfill all of the requirements f或者一个 graduate to take the Certified Public 会计 (CPA) exam 或者一个pply for licensure as a CPA in most 状态s/jurisdictions. Most 状态s/jurisdictions require a specific amount of study beyond a bachelor’s degree (typically, a total of 150 semester credit hours, but this varies by jurisdiction) as well as several years of professional experience working in accounting to be eligible to apply for licensure. 一些州(包括, but not necessarily limited to, Texas) require the program to have specific programmatic accreditation for graduates to apply for licensure as a CPA, which this program does not have at this time, 和 no representation has been made as to when or if such an accreditation will be obtained. Applicants interested in becoming a CPA should check with their 状态 board of accountancy regarding CPA eligibility requirements prior to enrolling in any accounting program. 学生 planning to pursue certifications other than the CPA exam should also contact the respective certifying organization to confirm requirements for certification prior to enrolling in any accounting program.
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